Problem definition:
Smoking increased the rate of preterm birth in
pregnant women
Facts about Smoking
during Pregnancy
1)
Direct smoking: when you smoke your baby smokes
as well.
a.
When a mother smokes, inhale poisons such as
nicotine, lead, arsenic. And carbon monoxide. They get into the placenta, a
tissue that connects to your baby and sends oxygen and nutrients and eliminates
waste.
2)
Second hand smoke
a.
According to the American Lung Association, new
studies have shown that if a woman is around second hand smoke during pregnancy
they are added risks. Greater chance of having a baby that weight too little
and may have health problems.
3)
Nicotine replacement therapy such as patch can
still affect your baby
a.
Discuss it with a health care provider
Key determinants: http://www.gov.ns.ca/hpp/publications/TC/Loppie_Presentation.pdf
1)
Biological determinant: http://www.nice.org.uk/nicemedia/documents/smoking_and_health_inequalities.pdf
a.
Children from lower socio-economic households are more likely to
be exposed to tobacco smoke in the home (54%) compared with those from
professional households (18%).
b.
Migration and low education daily consumption
a.
The most preventable risk factor for an
unsuccessful pregnancy outcome
b.
Marginal and unemployed smokes the most
c.
Posttraumatic tress disorder (PTSD)
i. Higher
odds of smoking and nicotine dependence and lower rates for quitting
ii. Depression
3)
Educational level
a.
Younger women prone to smoke more during
pregnancy
b.
Due to lack of education
c.
Unaware of health related consequences
d.
Age à
intermediate factor serving as a media for the causes of the causes
e.
Common: cope with stress, less favorable social
networks and poorer economic conditions
4)
Environment determinant
a.
Partner’s smoking
b.
Urban smoke more than in rural
5)
Attending prenatal care: 61.6% of smokers compared with 85.6% of non-smokers during
pregnancy attended the classes meaning, those who attended the prenatal class
were less likely to smoke. This is considered a behavioral determinant
specifically because it depends on the Mother’s behavior (action) of
consistently attending class. ( http://www.iomedcentral.com/content/pdf/1471-2393-10-24.pdf)
6)
Occupation
is another behavioral determinant of smoking in general. Direct statistics
could only be found from a study performed in Canada, where the highest
percentage (55.5 %) of workers in the fishing/foresting/mining profession
smoked. The second and third highest rates of smoking by occupation were
transportation and construction workers where 46.1 and 44.6% of the workers
smoked respectively.
More of
these numbers can be found in http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/hc-ps/images/pubs/tobac-tabac/1996-work-travail/fig2-eng.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/hl-vs/pubs/tobac-tabac/1996-work-travail/part1_smoking_prev_e.html&usg=__MPRlqYbr4_iRCNWE8mOd1BVGJwc=&h=401&w=452&sz=16&hl=en&start=0&zoom=1&tbnid=GTuWFrqE9MLAaM:&tbnh=171&tbnw=189&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dsmoking%2Brates%2Bby%2Boccupation%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN%26rlz%3D1C1SNNS_enUS383US383%26biw%3D1366%26bih%3D643%26tbs%3Disch:1&um=1&itbs=1&iact=hc&vpx=146&vpy=87&dur=1496&hovh=211&hovw=238&tx=112&ty=50&ei=QenxTILNI8OblgelurySCg&oei=QenxTILNI8OblgelurySCg&esq=1&page=1&ndsp=17&ved=1t:429,r:0,s:0 (Reference is this link it’s a graph)
Interesting fact: Researchers
found that almost 22 percent of pregnant white women aged 15 to 44 smoked
cigarettes, compared with just over 14 percent of pregnant African American
women and 6.5 percent of Hispanic women in the same age range. The study
was done by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration.
Your problem definition is still implying causality. It is basically stating that smoking increased preterm births...
ReplyDeleteOnce again, there should not be an implication of causality in your problem definition.
You have done a great job categorizing the determinants.
One aspect to reconsider is what you have listed under biological determinants. Children from lower socioeconomic backgrounds may arguably be more suitable for socioeconomic than biologic.
Remember that you don't have to have factors under each possible category. It is okay to choose only those categories that apply to your situation.
Under educational level, the last two bullets (d&e)did not make any sense to me.
I like that each determinant has a link that references it.
When writing the paper however, your wok may look neater if you list the references at the end and only highlight them as they relate to what you write as you go along
I thought your entry was very well detailed and included several different categories of key determinants. The problem definition is just slightly vague and could use some refinement in its specificity. You do, however, have a plethora of different factors to spring board off of to discuss in the paper. What I think may be an issue is collecting enough sources to deal with each one of the key determinants to give them proper credit in your paper. The format of the blog entry is going to be really beneficial for writing your paper because it is essentially already in outline format, and you'll just need to fill in the blanks as needed.
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